Vehicle Suspension Systems,need of suspension system, Types of suspension system,
The daily use of the road infrastructure, continuous changes of weather conditions, and vehicle’s
overweight will produce different road surface wearing pattern.
In addition, deficient road construction process will eventually lead to road surface irregularities.
Nearly 20% accidents are triggered by
infrastructure’s condition.
Potholes, road cracks, unevenness and different friction levels can promote accidents due to emergency maneuvers.
Need of Suspension:
1. For absorbing shocks and vibration caused due to road irregularities.
2. For transmitting vehicle load to the wheels (Supporting the weight)
3. For maintaining the stability of vehicle
(contact of the wheels to ground)
4. For providing cushioning and ride comfort to the passengers
5. For preventing body squat and body dive.
Functions:
To safe guard passengers and goods against road shocks
To preserve the stability of vehicles while
in motion (Pitching or Rolling)
To provide the wheels always in contact
with road while driving cornering and
braking
To maintain proper steering geometry
To provide suitable riding and cushioning
properties
To Allow rapid cornering without extreme
body roll
Requirements:
1. There should be minimum deflection.
2. It should be of low initial cost.
3. It should be of minimum weight.
4. It should have low maintenance and low operating cost.
5. It should have minimum tyre wear.
Vehicle Axis System:
Rotations:
– A roll rotation about x-axis
– A pitch rotation about y-axis.
– A yaw rotation about z-axis
Basic suspension movements:
1. Bouncing: The vertical movement of the
complete body.
2. Pitching: The rotating movement of all
the parts between the spring and road and
the portion of spring weight itself.
3. Rolling: The movement about longitudinal axis produced by the centrifugal force during cornering.
Sprung Mass:
• In a vehicle with a suspension, such as an automobile, motorcycle or a tank,
sprung mass (or sprung weight) is the portion of the vehicle's total mass that
is supported above the suspension.
• The sprung weight typically includes the body, frame, the internal components, passengers, and cargo but does not include the mass of the components suspended below the suspension components (including the wheels, wheel bearings, brake rotors, callipers)
Un-sprung Mass:
In a ground vehicle with a suspension, the un-sprung weight (or the un-
sprung mass) is the mass of the suspension, wheels or tracks (as applicable), and other components directly connected to them, rather than supported by the suspension.
Un-sprung weight includes the mass of components such as the wheel axles,
wheel bearings, wheel hubs, tires, and a portion of the weight of drive shafts, springs, shock absorbers, and suspension links.
Working:
represents a rubber suspension system in a simplified form, that is
similar to the one used on a popular small car.
The spring is installed between the frame and the top link of the suspension
system.
When the spring is connected to a point near the link pivot, deflection of the
spring reduces to a minimum, without affecting the total wheel movement.
This arrangement of spring provides a rising-rate characteristic, which is
‘soft’ for small wheel movements but becomes harder as the spring deflects.
The energy released from the rubber spring after deflection is considerably
less than that imparted to it.
This internal loss of energy is called hysteresis, which is an advantage,
because lower-duty dampers may be used.
Some rubber suspension systems have a tendency to ‘settle down’ or ‘creep’
during the initial stages of service, therefore allowance for this must be
provided
Advantages
Light in weight.
Less space required.
Its maintenance cost is less.
Initial cost is less.
Ride comfort is more.
Disadvantages
It does not take acceleration & Braking thrust so required additional
linkages
Lack of friction damping
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